Page 10 - Madagascar Report

Figure 1: Total population in Madagascar, 2000-2018

Total Population

Millions

Country Profile
Population

The Republic of Madagascar

Year

Source: (World Bank, 2017)

Pollution of inland water bodies
Inland fisheries include the species of tilapias, carps, and black-bass with an estimated potential
of 40,000 MT per annum (Breuil & Grima, 2014). However, the industry is facing challenges from
siltation as a result of increased deforestation and agriculture development in the water catchment
areas. Sedimentation has been on the rise because of poor farming methods.

Unsustainable f?shing methods
Additional pressures come from over-fishing and the use of damaging fishing gear and methods and
this has hindered the sector development. Most fishers use unproductive and unsustainable methods
such as: shrimp trawling, use of poison such as latex of euphorbia, purse seining methods (especially
near Toliara lagoon) which entail the use of mosquito nets. Overharvesting of certain species such as
crustaceans such as shrimps, crabs, crayfish and sea urchins is also a challenge.

Illegal, unregulated and unreported (IUU) fishing is thought to be a problem both in territorial waters
and in the EEZ. These include under-declaration of tuna catches by seasonal DWFN present in the EEZ
and the existence of illegal transshipment at sea of industrial catches. Amongst the artisanal sector,
IUU is expressed through poor compliance in general with existing fishing regulations, including in
the traditional shrimp fisheries, the use of mosquito nets. The use of rudimentary and dangerous
diving systems in the holothurian fisheries is also to be deplored. It should be noted however that
most official cases of IUU are related to the collection of fish (80% of a total of 217 cases in 2010,
75% of a total of 464 cases in 2011). Furthermore, as mentioned above, several gaps in procedures
for the registration of fishing vessels with regard to recent international developments may increase
the risk of IUU fishing not only in Malagasy waters, but also in international waters and in the EEZs
of other countries in the region.

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