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5.2 Spatial Analysis Module

Using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) for IEA 4

Spatial analysis is the process of modelling, examining and interpreting spatial data and any associated
databases. Spatial analysis is a powerful and useful tool for interpreting and understanding geographic

areas, evaluating suitability and capability of natural areas, or for estimating and predicting impacts of
human development. An example of a spatial analysis you might perform is to overlay several layers
of data to show the proximity of different features, such as human encroachment into natural wetland Abu Dhabi, UAE
or forest areas, and to identify changes in the boundaries of natural areas over time. Spatial analysis is

typically done using various types of computer software, one of which is a GIS.

Mastering the use of spatial analysis tools and methods typically involves years of study and practice,

and often is a career choice. It is assumed that participants in this training program are more high
level users of the results of spatial information who have or have access to staff with specialist
knowledge.

However, it is also assumed that reviewing some typical uses of spatial information in IEA would be
of benefit. This is neither comprehensive nor in-depth, but provides a starting point for more detailed
exploration of the required methods and capacities.

Geographic Information Systems

Geographic Information Systems are database management systems for handling geographic data. Each
geographic feature in a GIS has a location on the earth, and a known relation to everything else around
it. These GIS systems can manage data on everything from roads, buildings and utilities, to land use,
habitat, and natural areas. Data associated with every feature include its geographic position and related

properties. For example, information about a river or waterway may include its water storage capacity,
flow rate, nutrient status and depth.

Not only can you use a GIS to store data, but it is also a useful tool for manipulating and analysing data,
particularly to examine spatial relationships among landscape features, and in monitoring long-term
changes. For example, using GIS you can easily calculate the area of forested lands within 100 m of a
particular road, and identify with point locations where critical or protected areas may be. You could

also utilize maps for change detection analysis (determining loss of natural habitats from one time
period to the next) that can be used to influence government policies and programmes (Boxes 7 to
10).

IEA Training Manual Workshop for the National Reporting Toolkit (NRT) 81