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Figure 25 Example policy instrument scan for water quality of rivers Module
5
GLOBAL
Abu Dhabi, UAE
REGIONAL
LOCAL
DRIVERS
Urban growth
PRESSURES IMPACTS
Sewage discharges Job creation incentives Decreased fish
Mitigation and Municipal taxes catches
restoration Spatial development
regulation
Mitigation and RESPONSES Step 3
restoration Mitigation and adaptation
adaptation
Food imports
Mitigation and Water quality standards
In situ treatment
restoration
Step 1 STATE and TRENDS
River water quality
Step 1
It is important to remember that there are a variety of diffent policy instruments available to
governments. These different policy instruments can be categorized into general categories. Recall that
Table 9 presented one way to categorize policy instruments, namely:
? Economic instruments (e.g., taxes, subsidies, tradable permits, etc.).
? Regulatory (e.g., laws and regulations).
? Direct expenditure (research and development, education and awareness, infrastructure projects, etc.).
? Institutional instruments (sector and cross-sector strategies, green procurement).
Such a categorization provides a checklist to help in the brainstorming process for the policy instrument scan.
Besides national governments, lower levels of governments have policy-making power, as do corporations.
The policies of these actors are equally important and would also need to be included in the analysis.
IEA Training Manual Workshop for the National Reporting Toolkit (NRT) 89
