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Module Step 1: Drivers, Pressure, State and Trends

What is happening to the environment and why?

Step one of the DPSIR addresses the question of what is happening to the environment, why these
changes are happening and the trends associated therewith (see UNEP, 2007). The following are simple
climate change-related examples for the components in the first step:

Drivers (e.g., industrial activities, farming, landfill sites, consumption patterns)
?
9-12 December, 2013 ? ? Pressures (e.g., urbanization, changes in agricultural production, increased CO2 emissions)

State (and effects/trends) (e.g., more drought and/or flooding)

Figure 4
Linking DPSIR and vulnerability assessment

HUMAN SOCIETY
DRIVERS
Indirect influence through human
development IMPACTS Step 2
PRESSURES Population growth, industrial processes, Human well-being
Direct influence through human energy demands Crop losses, less water for people,
interventions Step 1 irrigation and livestock, increased
number of sick and mortality
of people and livestock, famine,
malnutrition
Urbanization, shifting to cash crops,
increasing costs of health care, RESPONSES Step 3
increasing levels of GHGs Mitigation and adaptation Adapting by Economic, Ecosystem Services
social Goods &
Changes in
building dykes, increasing irrigation, changing Services vegetation, fish,
planted species and mitigating climate change Wild products, and migatory birds
by reducing GHGs, increasing renewable wood availability, population, pest
energy, energy efficiency flood protection outbreaks
Soil infiltration, stability, structure capacity
Evapotranspiration cycles Natural
processes
STATE AND TRENDS
Step 1 Water, land, atmosphere, biodiversity
Increased occurrence of cyclones, drought, floods, changes in
precipitation patterns, increase occurrence of pests
ENVIRONMENT Step 1

24 Volume Two - Themes
Vulnerability and Impact assessments for Adaption to Climate Change (VIA Module)