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Module Table 6 Policy effectiveness
5

Driving force Pressure State Impact
Population growth rates
Groundwater Reduced the quantity of
Increase solid
9-12 December, 2013 Anthropogenic activities discharge (quality and alternative source with higher
Description
and liquid waste deterioration freshwater and getting
of DPSIR
cost and not sustainable
quantity)
(Agricultural &
Increasing
Municipal)
Expected health effect to
demands
Economic development
human and livestock
GW over-
Urbanization expansion
treatment cost
Frequent drought
Reduction in
groundwater
periods exploitation High groundwater and soil
Land degradation and reduced
Inefficient and recharge income from crops
Inadequate institutional Poor Reduced properties/farms
capacity in waste environmental value
management practices
in waste Citizen migration and social
conflicts
management
Expected threats to ecosystems
Poor landfill and habitats
design
Low STP Lost the recreational value of
water and eco-tourism.
capacity
Expected social transformation
Lack of from rural to urban city
environmental
regulation Sea water Intrusion and
enforcement Salinization
Economic + 0 - -
instruments
Regulatory +++ +++ - -
instruments

Institutional ++ ++ ++ ++
instruments

Expenditure + ++ + +++
instruments

122 Integrated Analysis of Environmental Trends and Policies