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Module Table 6: Examples of ecosystem services (from Millennium Ecosystem Assessment)
5 Category Service Description

Supporting services are
These services differ from provisioning, regulating, and cultural
Supporting
those that are necessary for services in that their impacts on people are either indirect or
occur over a very long time, whereas changes in the other
the production of all other
9-12 December, 2013 people.
categories have relatively direct and short-term impacts on
ecosystem services.
Some examples of supporting services are primary
production, production of atmospheric oxygen, soil formation
and retention, nutrient cycling, water cycling, and provisioning
of habitat.

Illustrate examples of the linked impacts of environmental changes on
Table 6a human well-being Ecosystem Assessment)

State Changes Environmental/ Human well-being impacts
ecosystem impacts
Human health Food Physical Socio-
security security and economic
safety
ATMOSPHERE: ? Temperature ? Deaths due to ? Risk of ? Human ? Energy
Increased ? Extreme weather heat stress hunger vulnerability requirement
greenhouse gas events ? Diseases ?? Crop for cooling
concentrations (diarrhea, vector- production ? Loss of
? Sea-surface borne disease) economic
temperature properties

?? Precipitation
?
? Land and sea-ice Threatened
melting livelihood of
? Ocean acidification communities

LAND: Cropland ? Habitat and Spread of disease ? Food ? Hazard ? Secure
expansion and biodiversity, soil vectors related and fibre from floods, livelihoods
intensification water retention and to vegetation production duststorms and economic
regulation and water ? and landslides growth
? Soil erosion, nutrient (for example, Competing during ? Changes
irrigation
depletion, salinity, associated with demands extreme in social
eutrophication schistosomiasis) for water weather and power
events
Disturbance of structures
biological cycles

54 Integrated Analysis of Environmental Trends and Policies